Good Natured: Andrini Starling

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Depending on how your holiday season played out, you may have, in the past few days, found a certain classic Saturday Night Live skit playing on continuous loop in your brain.

“The Thing That Wouldn't Leave" was a 50-second bit that starred John Belushi as a houseguest who snarfed chips, invited friends over and made a “long-distance call" (okay, this was a few years ago) all the while belching smoke from a large cigar. As the helpless host, Bill Murray kept dropping hints about how late it was, how he had to get up early the next morning, etc. Meanwhile, every time Belushi made another pronouncement, like “I'm thirsty, is there anything in the fridge?" Jane Curtin, the wife and hostess, would let out a bloodcurdling scream. Funny stuff, it was, and a great caricature of a situation familiar to us all.

At Casa Otto, we've been blessedly guest-free these past few weeks. But James O. Breen Park in St. Charles hasn't been so lucky. Hundreds of European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, have adopted it as a foraging spot and day roost, picking at the ground for food and then resting on utility wires, goal post crossbars and other convenient horizontal surfaces.

As quintessential “guests that wouldn't leave," the starlings have become a fixture in the park, causing those of us who work there to speculate on when, or even if, they are ever going to leave.

We are not alone.

European starlings actually wore out their welcome here in the United States several decades ago. “Invited" or, in ecology terms, introduced, in 1890 in New York's Central Park, the first birds were part of a program initiated by a group known as the American Acclimatization Society. As Shakespeare aficionados, these folks thought it a fine goal to import examples of all bird species The Bard mentioned in his various works.

Many of these attempts failed, but starlings eventually attained success. Aided by humans' agriculture and urbanization activities, the birds found ideal habitat at almost every turn. By 1950, they had reached the West Coast and Mexico and 10 years ago their North American population peaked at 200 million. Although the numbers have since dropped, to an estimated 166 million, that's still a lot of birds overstaying their welcome.

Starlings present us with a mixed bag of habits that, at their best, help keep insect populations in check, but simultaneously have resulted in huge agricultural losses as well as undue pressure on various native bird species.

Gifted with an unusual jaw musculature, which works to spring the starling's bill open as opposed to clamping it shut, the birds are able to poke and pry into soil and remove all manner of invertebrate prey. While they have been credited with helping to control both damaging crane fly and Japanese beetle larvae, they consume helpful species too.

Starlings have a taste for berries, both wild and cultivated; they also avail themselves of free handouts at birdfeeders, eating seeds as well as suet. On farms, the birds help themselves to grain fields and cattle feed, leaving excrement, bacteria and parasites in their wake; USDA statistics indicate that the salmonellosis and other diseases starlings bring to livestock herds cost producers more $600 million annually.

Starlings also are notorious for ousting our native cavity nesters—a habit that has had a detrimental effect on several species, including northern flickers and purple martins. At Hickory Knolls, our dedicated volunteer Mike Swanson has gone to great lengths to make sure starlings do not displace the martin colony he has maintained for nearly 25 years. His houses now include special crescent-shaped Starling Resistant Entrance Holes that keep S. vulgaris, which has longer legs and a thicker body than Progne subis,  the purple martin, from entering the structures and attacking and killing adults and offspring.

Meanwhile, though, I can't but wonder if the efforts of Mike and others like him are being offset by what I see as a design flaw in one of the most ubiquitous structures in our suburban landscape: the light pole. Each spring and summer, I see starlings nesting inside of poles that hold up both street lights and traffic lights. Shoot, we even had a starling family inside a pole at Hickory Knolls.

It seems starlings have found the holes in these virtually predator-proof poles are excellent cavities for rea​ring young. If you figure an average clutch size of four eggs, and multiply that by the number of metal light poles in our area…well, the figures become staggering in no time.

They might not be smoking cigars in our living rooms, nor raiding our refrigerators, but European starlings have found plenty of ways to make themselves at home. Try as we might to get them to move along, they are The Things That Wouldn't Leave.

Pam Otto is the outreach ambassador for the St. Charles Park District. She can be reached at 630-513-4346 or potto@stcparks.org.